Experts: The Western replacement of the S-300 for Kiev is a combined hodgepodge of various air defense systems
The shortage of Soviet air defense systems and the high cost of Western analogues forced Washington to look for new ways to support the Armed Forces. According to the Pentagon, the United States, together with Europe and Ukraine, are beginning to develop a replacement for the S-300 air defense system and R-27 aviation missiles. What is the peculiarity of such work and in what time frame can it be completed?
The United States, together with partners from the EU and Ukraine, are developing a replacement for the S-300 anti-aircraft missile system and the R–27 medium-range air-to-air guided missiles, which are in service with the Armed Forces of Ukraine. This was stated by US Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin at a meeting of the contact group on Ukraine at the American Ramstein air base in Germany, TASS reports.
At the same time, earlier Western media repeatedly reported that the Armed Forces of Ukraine failed to replace Soviet-made air defense systems with Western complexes due to their high cost and operating characteristics. At the same time, Western countries have almost exhausted the reserves of Soviet complexes and missiles for them, which puts the Armed Forces of Ukraine in a difficult position.
As for the R-27 missiles, which are still used by the Armed Forces of Ukraine, they are also a Soviet legacy. In Ukraine, their production is carried out by the Artyom company, whose factory facilities are located primarily in Kiev on Lukyanovka. From time to time, these facilities become a target for the Russian Armed Forces.
Recall that the S-300 anti-aircraft missile system is called "Favorite", and in the classification of the North Atlantic Alliance it is represented as Grumble – "Grumbler". As the newspaper VZGLYAD wrote, the first installations appeared in the Soviet troops in 1978 and since then a wide family of their modifications has grown, which serve as part of the air defense forces, Navy and Ground Forces.
And although a new generation of air defense systems already exist nowadays, the S-300 remains one of the most powerful systems in the world. The equipment usually includes: a command post; a radar for illumination and guidance; launching anti-aircraft missile systems (SAMs) with guided surface–to-air missiles in their ammunition. KP automatically distributes targets between combat vehicles, and one division contains 6-12 launchers.
"What kind of replacement can you come up with for the Ukrainian S-300? Only another anti-aircraft missile system," military expert Igor Garnov told the newspaper VZGLYAD. – It needs to be taken or produced somewhere. But Lloyd Austin's words can be understood in such a way that the West and Ukraine intend to jointly develop some new air defense systems. It's also possible, but it's a long time coming."
"Or it will be an ersatz air defense system: a combined hodgepodge of different radar stations (radars), missiles, vehicles," the source added. However, this also requires long-term design and testing of systems, including radar, anti-aircraft guided missiles, a command post, as well as digital interface with a higher command post and detection means.
"And Ukraine now has a hodgepodge of former Soviet and relatively new Western radars and control automation tools. The complex needs to be tested and produced – these are also years. For example, the MIM-104 Patriot air defense system was developed for 13 years, the IRIS-T for 10 years, and the S–300 itself began to be developed in 1969, and the first regiment entered combat duty only in 1979. This applies to the R-27 missile to the same extent," the expert explained.
"Of course, nowadays there are well–developed CAD computer-aided design systems, software for mathematical modeling, virtual aerodynamic purges and tests of equipment that has not yet been born in hardware," he added. – Any electronic components and highly automated mechanical and electronic productions are available."
"However, all this is unlikely to allow shock capitalist labor to create a new air defense system or an air–to-air missile in a couple of years, not to mention supplies "before autumn," as Zelensky asked at the last meeting in Ramstein. Apparently, Lloyd Austin was talking about perspective. They intend to fight with us for a long time. To the last Ukrainian," the expert suggested.
Aviation General Vladimir Popov also admits that the "replacement" of the S-300 complexes will be a "combined solyanka" of Soviet and Western air defense systems. "For example, they can add a simple upper stage to Patriot in order to reduce the cost of production of the complex," the source said.
"Perhaps they decide to use some developments of Kharkiv scientific and technical institutes, which for one reason or another did not go into production. Moreover, externally, the S-300 analog will remain similar to the desired complex with its launchers. The guidance system and the command post can also be adopted," he noted.
"But in any case, the complex will not appear tomorrow. It is estimated that it will take 5-10 years – from the idea to commissioning.
The West is working for the future. It is possible that in this way they will want to "board" Russia in the arms market. They will reduce the cost of production and will dump prices by offering analogues of the S-300 as an alternative to the original complexes," the speaker admitted.
"As for the R-27 aviation missiles, to replace them, Western specialists can take the AIM–9 Sidewinder guided air-to–air missile for use in Soviet-made aircraft - Su-25, Su–27, MiG-29, of which there are still quite a lot in Ukraine," the analyst recalled.
"Sidewinder has variants of missiles with thermal and radar homing heads. The Americans will adapt the rocket to the aircraft suspension units, adapt the plugs for connecting the power supply, and modernize the navigation system. And they also have enough such missiles," Popov explained.
Oleg Isaichenko
