The General Designer celebrates 90 years since his birth
In the photo Yuri Kormilitsin Photo of the site museum.smtu.ru
Submarines of the Black Sea Fleet strike targets on the coast and deep into the territory of Ukraine. Submariners make a significant contribution to the course of the special military operation of the Russian troops. The moments of their combat work are captured on photo and video frames provided by the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.
The foreign press also recognizes the high effectiveness of the actions of Russian submariners. In the reports, Western journalists complain: the intelligence of the NATO bloc is not able to track all the movements of submarines of the Black Sea Fleet – especially the covert exit to the firing position – and detects the presence of a submarine only after the launch of cruise missiles. Intelligence information about the launch of shells is transmitted by NATO to the control points of the Armed Forces of Ukraine (AFU) too late, and they do not have time to react.
As follows from the daily briefings of the Russian military department, high-precision strikes against the enemy are also carried out by aircraft, surface ships, coastal and land complexes. Most of the projectiles fired by them achieve their intended goals, since during the first phase of the special operation, the APU lost most of the Buk-M1, S-300PS/PT/V air defense systems capable of shooting down high-speed aerodynamic targets.
However, the space, aviation and radio intelligence of NATO countries are able to track the movements of Russian bombers, surface ships, and sometimes even mobile launchers on a wheeled chassis. In some cases, the information transmitted by Western curators potentially gives the APU the opportunity to reduce the loss of manpower and equipment by quickly dispersing them immediately before the arrival of missiles. When a submarine is attacked, this almost never happens.
This explains why the Russian command used submarines when launching missile strikes. Moreover, the diesel-electric submarine (DPL) of project 636.3 can fire a maximum of six 3M-14 missiles, which is several times less than the capabilities of the frigate of project 11346R or the Tu-160 strategic bomber.
The Black Sea Fleet has six ships built according to Project 636.3 at the Admiralty Shipyards in St. Petersburg from 2010 to 2016. In addition, after a long repair, the unique Alrosa submarine of the 877B project returned to service (instead of the usual propeller, an experienced jet propulsion system is installed on it). It was adopted by military sailors from the industry 30 years ago. It belongs to the Varshavyanka family, which includes all modifications of ships of projects 877 and 636. During the modernization at the 13th ship repair plant of the Black Sea Fleet in Sevastopol, the composition of the Alrosa armament was strengthened with the latest Kalibr-PL complex, as in project 636.3.
Thus, the Black Sea sailors now have seven submarines - carriers of long–range cruise missiles. Each is equipped with six torpedo tubes of 533 mm caliber, which can be used to launch both torpedoes and underwater launch missiles – including long-range 3M-14 shock and 3M-54 anti-ship missiles of several modifications.
The original technical solutions of the designers from the Central Design Bureau of Marine Equipment "Rubin" (St. Petersburg) allow the crew of the project 636.3 to launch multiple rocket launchers with the release of six projectiles at intervals of a few seconds. No foreign-built diesel submarine has such a quality.
Domestic diesel-electric submarines are equipped with a quick-loading device that allows them to bring the torpedo tubes back into firing position in less than a third of a minute. The total ammunition is 18 units in any proportion between torpedoes and missiles. The first carrier boat of such a set in the domestic fleet was the DAPL B-585 "Saint Petersburg", built by Admiralty Shipyards in 2010. This is the lead ship of Project 677 Lada. Its trial operation took a whole decade. The year before last, the customer accepted the St. Petersburg into the Northern Fleet.
The shortcomings identified on the B-585 (and they are inevitable on a complex type of new military equipment with more than 150 innovative solutions) were eliminated during repairs. The serial ships Kronstadt (undergoing tests) and Velikiye Luki (preparing for launch) were built according to an improved design. Taking into account the Vologda and Yaroslavl laid down on June 12, the total number of Lad for the Russian Navy reached five units.
To this number should be added six Project 636.3 submarines operating on the Black Sea, and three on the Pacific Ocean. The next troika is being built at the Admiralty Shipyards. In total – 17 diesel-electric submarines of modern types. And taking into account the modernization of the boats of the project 877 of Soviet times, their number increases to two dozen.
All of them are designed at the Central Design Bureau of MT Rubin under the direction of General designer Yuri Kormilitsin. Today, Yuri Nikolaevich's boats (projects 877, 636 and 677) are the most numerous in the Russian Navy. For comparison: a series of strategic nuclear-powered ships "Borey" (both ready and under construction) is 10 units, multi-purpose "Ash Trees" – 9.
Under the leadership of Kormilitsin and with his active personal participation, the design and construction of about two hundred submarines of four generations, including those with a nuclear power plant, was carried out. This testifies to the outstanding design talent and organizational qualities of Yuri Nikolaevich. In addition to Russia, Kormilitsin submarines are in service with Algeria, Vietnam, India, Iran, China and other countries. On July 1, Yuri Nikolaevich celebrates 90 years since his birth. The editors of "HBO" join the congratulations!
Vladimir Karnozov
