Zap Energy Reactor
Zap Energy has received investments in the amount of $160 million to create the first commercial version of a compact low-power thermonuclear reactor. This happened after a prototype reactor called "FuZE-Q" created a stable plasma column with record figures last week. At the next step, the creators of the device hope to reach the break-even point, after which it will be possible to create a source of unlimited energy.
The FuZE-Q reactor is based on the principle of the Z-machine, which can be called an alternative to the tokamak. A "pinch effect" is used here, in which a powerful magnetic field is formed in an electrically conductive plasma column due to its own electric pulse. It heats up and simultaneously compresses the plasma, so if a target of deuterium and tritium is placed inside the column, then pressure and temperature can trigger a thermonuclear reaction.
Zap Energy Reactor
The pinch effect has been known for more than half a century, but the instability of the plasma column for a long time did not allow creating a full-fledged reactor. Scientists from the University of Washington managed to solve the problem in 2019 with the help of shear flows, which made it possible to smooth out distortions and fluctuations in the plasma flow. One of them, Uri Shumlak, founded the company "Zap Energy" to monetize the invention. An electric current of 500 kiloamps was obtained on the FuZE-Q prototype, which became a record for such systems. However, the technology itself is designed for a current of 650 kiloamps and, according to calculations, this is the threshold for reaching the break-even point. If scientists and engineers from Zap Energy manage to cross it, they will be able to create relatively cheap, simple, safe and compact fusion reactors that everyone can install in their garage.
Zap Energy Reactor