Nanofilms
A team of scientists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology has developed a new type of Kevlar-based molecules that can self-assemble into long strands. Their thickness is only one nanometer, while the length and area can vary depending on the tasks set. The first experiments showed that these thinnest threads are incredibly strong, and therefore have a wide range of potential applications.
Molecules that assemble themselves into complex structures, such as membranes, are not uncommon in nature. Due to the complexity of the conditions for their appearance, most of these formations do not differ in chemical stability and critically depend on the presence of water – they literally fall apart when drying. After dozens of experiments, trial and error, scientists managed to get a successful synthetic design-water is still needed, but only as a medium for the primary assembly of nanoribbons. Self-assembled molecules have a hydrophilic shell and a hydrophobic core, plus they form strong hydrogen bonds between their nuclei. Once in the water, they automatically form a chain, interlocking with each other. The nanofilms extracted from the water retain their integrity and strength, they can withstand a load 200 times their own weight. This material is also distinguished by an incredible surface area, about 200 sq. m. per 1 gram of mass. As a result, the novelty was immediately used as a basis for filters that can extract heavy metal molecules from water. They also have prospects for creating new batteries. But most of all, scientists are fascinated by the technology of constructing complex self-assembled nanostructures with specified properties – this is the technology of the future.